Stresses in Shells

Stresses generated in cooling viscoelastic ice shells: Application to Europa

[1] A cooling viscoelastic ice shell overlying an ocean develops stresses due to two effects: thermal contraction of the ice due to cooling and the expansion of the shell due to the ice-water volume change. The former effect generates near-surface compression and deeper extension; the second effect generates extension only. In both cases, stresses are smaller at depth due to viscous creep. The ...

Linear Theory of Shells Taking into Account Surface Stresses

Stress Projection, Layerwise-Equivalent, Formulation for Accurate Predictions of Transverse Stresses in Laminated Plates and Shells

A two-phase scheme for accurate predictions of interlaminar stresses in laminated plate and shell structures has been addressed in this study. A modified superconvergent patch recovery (MSPR) technique has been utilized to obtain accurate nodal in-plane stresses which are subsequently used with the thickness integration of the three-dimensional equilibrium equations to evaluate the transverse s...

Effect of Exponentially-Varying Properties on Displacements and Stresses in Pressurized Functionally Graded Thick Spherical Shells with Using Iterative Technique

A semi-analytical iterative method as one of the newest analytical methods is used for the elastic analysis of thick-walled spherical pressure vessels made of functionally graded materials subjected to internal pressure. This method is accurate, fast and has a reasonable order of convergence. It is assumed that material properties except Poisson’s ratio are graded through the thickness directio...

Biomechanics of turtle shells: how whole shells fail in compression.

Turtle shells are a form of armor that provides varying degrees of protection against predation. Although this function of the shell as armor is widely appreciated, the mechanical limits of protection and the modes of failure when subjected to breaking stresses have not been well explored. We studied the mechanical properties of whole shells and of isolated bony tissues and sutures in four spec...